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Spine Education

Learn About The Spine

The spine is made up of 24 moveable bones called vertebrae. Is divided into 5 main sections that have a major impact on all areas of the body. 

  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx

When these bones become misaligned, they can start to put pressure on the exiting spinal nerve. This can create a myriad of different symptoms depending on where the nerve is going. Sometimes these symptoms are intense and immediate, while other times you may not even notice it.

Spinal health is extremely important for the overall health of the body.

Click on each of the spinal sections below to learn about the role your spine plays in your overall health.

full spine model
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx

CERVICAL

Nerve roots in the cervical vertebrae affect these parts of the body:

C1 – pituitary gland, scalp, brain, ears, eyes
C2 – head, eyes, tongue, ears, heart
C3 – face, neck, ears, shoulders, diaphragm
C4 – face, neck, chest, diaphragm
C5 – neck, vocal cords, shoulders, upper arms, diaphragm
C6 – shoulders, arms, tonsils
C7 – shoulders, arms, elbows, wrists, hands

Possible Symptoms & Conditions:

  • Headaches, Migraines
  • Dizziness
  • Asthma
  • Allergies
  • Fatigue
  • Stiff Neck
  • Pain / Numbness / Tingling / Stiffness – fingers, hand, wrist, forearm, elbow, arm, shoulder, chest
  • Heart Conditions
  • High Blood Pressure
  • Nervousness
Cervical labeled

THORACIC

Nerve roots in the thoracic vertebrae affect these parts of the body:

T1 – head, neck, heart, thyroid, esophagus, trachea, hands, elbows
T2 – head, neck, heart, lungs, upper arms
T3 – head, neck, heart, lungs, chest, upper arms
T4 – head, neck, heart, lungs, gallbladder, upper arms
T5 – head, neck, heart, liver, esophagus, blood circulation, upper arms
T6 – esophagus, stomach, spleen, pancreas, duodenum, mid-back
T7 – stomach, spleen, pancreas, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, mid-back
T8 – stomach, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, adrenal glands, mid-back
T9 – stomach, spleen, pancreas, adrenal glands, gallbladder, reproductive organs, liver, small intestine
T10 – stomach, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, reproductive organs, appendix, large intestine, legs
T11 – kidneys, reproductive organs, legs, small intestine, large intestine, bladder, adrenal glands, ileocecal valve
T12 – kidneys, reproductive organs, legs, small intestine, large intestine, bladder, upper and lower back, ileocecal valve

Possible Symptoms & Conditions:

  • Mid-back Pain
  • Respiratory Problems – bronchitis, asthma, pneumonia, congestion, difficulty breathing
  • Gallbladder Conditions
  • Heart Conditions
  • Bladder Problems
  • Digestive Problems – ulcers, gastritis, stomach problems
Medically accurate illustration of the thoracic spine

LUMBAR

Nerve roots in the lumbar vertebrae affect these parts of the body:

L1 – abdomen, reproductive organs, legs, feet, large intestine, bladder
L2 – reproductive organs, legs, feet, large intestine, bladder, appendix, abdomen
L3 – reproductive organs, bladder, prostate, large intestine, legs, feet
L4 – buttocks, legs, feet, prostate, muscles of the lower back
L5 – buttocks, legs, feet, toes, prostate

Possible Symptoms & Conditions:

  • Pain / Numbness / Tingling / Stiffness – ankle, calf, foot, knee, legs, lower back
  • Constipation
  • Diarrhea
  • Gas pain
  • Irritable Bowel
  • Colitis
  • Bladder Problems
  • Menstrual Problems
lumbar labeled model

SACRUM

Nerve roots in the sacral region affect these parts of the body:

Sacrum – buttocks, legs, feet, bladder, prostate, reproductive organs, anus

Possible Symptoms & Conditions:

  • Constipation
  • Diarrhea
  • Bladder Problems
  • Menstrual Problems
  • Lower Back Pain
  • Sciatica
  • Pain/Numbness/Tingling/Stiffness – buttocks, hip, legs
sacrum labeled model

COCCYX

Nerve roots in the coccygeal region affect these parts of the body:

Coccyx – anus, rectum

Possible Symptoms & Conditions:

  • Rectal Problems
coccyx labeled model